Aymara is spoken by 2.5 million people of the Bolivian Andes. Aymara, along with Spanish and Quechua, is an official language in Bolivia and Peru. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over one million speakers. It is also spoken, to a much lesser extent, by some communities in northern Chile, where it is a recognized minority language.
There are roughly two million Bolivian speakers, half a million Peruvian speakers, and perhaps a few thousand speakers in Chile. At the time of the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century, Aymara was the dominant language over a much larger area than today, including most of highland Peru south of Cusco. Over the centuries, Aymara has gradually lost speakers both to Spanish and to Quechua; many Peruvian and Bolivian communities that were once Aymara-speaking now speak Quechua.